Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is a molecule inside our body. It is inside our cells, or more precisely, inside the nucleus of the cell. DNA serves a storage purpose inside our bodies, storing our genetic coding or genetic information inside each cell.

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It stores the information and genetic instructions responsible for how our body functions, internally and externally. It’s a billion-letter assembly code that provides instructions for everything that you are, from physical features to emotional tendencies.

What is Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA: The Structure of DNA

To identify DNA under a microscope or even a picture, you should know some of its key structural features. When you browse through the array of different DNA pictures, you will find different types of illustrations that represent the DNA molecule.

Each will be different in quality and color; however, they all will depict the same pattern of the structure. In medical terminology, the structure is a double helix, in which two strands of the DNA are intertwining and forming a twisting ladder.

For a simpler representation, you can unwind the double-stranded structure and look at the two strands separately. Each strand consists of individual units or Nucleotides. Each Nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, phosphate, and sugar.

All the nucleotides in each strand join because of the bond between the two nitrogenous bases on each strand. Every nucleotide has one of four different nitrogenous bases in the body that are compatible with their suited pairs.

Holding these pairs of A, G, T, and C are hydrogen bonds in between. The structure of the DNA compound was a breakthrough research paper of the 1950s by James Watson and Francis Crick. In this paper, they also found a way in which DNA replicates.

You may wonder why cells make copies of the DNA –well, this is because cells are always multiplying. Also, if one nucleotide has an Adenine nitrogenous base, then it can only pair with Thymine. Likewise, guanine only bonds with cytosine.

These nitrogenous bases or base pairs are the order of the nucleobases that allows them to create you. There are more than three billion pairs of these bonds in each cell. This is astounding because there are trillions of cells inside your body.

What is a Gene?

When you take one section of the DNA, you find different nucleotides connecting with their ideal opposites, representing a gene. A Gene is a small section of DNA that holds instructions that your body needs to build proteins.

For this reason, people will often compare DNA to a blueprint. This means that it is instructions that you need to build something. Genes instruct our cells on how to build necessary proteins in our body that are responsible for all the chemical reactions keeping us alive.

Mutation

Considering the amount of multiplication and the large numbers of DNA molecules inside your body, there is always a chance of mistakes in the genetic coding. Genetic coding refers to the order of nitrogenous bases and how they depict our characteristics and vulnerabilities.

Hollywood tries to display mutation as a good thing that gives you powers and extra strength. However, it is the complete opposite. In reality, a mutation is a change in our DNA sequence. The good news is that our body has enzymes that often correct mutations.

The enzyme will cut out and remove the mutation or wrong sequencing of the nitrogenous base so that the right nitrogenous base can fill in its place. Thus, it prevents the mutation from happening.

Genetic Testing

Genetic testing is another form of medical test that allows you to observe your chromosomes, genes, and DNA. The results of this test can verify and find out plenty of things, and you can apply for it for numerous purposes.

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The result of the genetic test can confirm whether you are susceptible to a medical disease or condition in the future, allowing you to prepare for it beforehand and take the right precautions. Additionally, people often use genetic testing to confirm the paternal and maternal relationship of a child.

Accuracy

Genetic testing is highly accurate, which is why many firms and governments rely on genetic testing to confirm or resolve a particular case. People looking to migrate to their parent’s country on an invitation have to provide a genetic test to prove their relationship.

Similarly, a person filing a report over child custody also has to provide the court with a DNA test that proves their relationship with the child.

What is Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA: Conclusion

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