Before understanding DNA and genetics and how they connect, you should know that the human body comprises 30,000 genes. In simple words, without genes, we wouldn’t have the genetic, physical features. Every person is different from others. It is because of the specific genes that are hereditary.

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You may resemble your other family members, perhaps your parents. However, through scientific testing, you may notice that you are different from everyone. Genes determine our physical features and characteristics, such as the shape of the nose, jaw alignment, fingerprint, head shape, height, and much more. So, we should spend a few minutes learning about DNA and genes.

What are Genes?

Genes are present in our body as part of the living cells. They comprise the most important biological information that passes from generation to generation through parentage. They are responsible for your growth and cell development. One of the main components of a gene is DNA, a biomolecule known as “deoxyribonucleic acid.” DNA contains information regarding the development of your cells and is present in the nucleus of every cell.

To understand better, you should learn that half of your genetic information comes from your father while the other half is from your mother. They combine to form the genetic traits which make your physical features. Some of these features include your eye color, hair color, and more. Also, it involves carrying the risks of certain diseases that may also pass down from generation to generation. Uncertain genetic changes (mutations) can lead to disturbance in their function and development.

Function

In basic terms, genes define nearly everything about a living organism. It’s not just the simple physical traits but also the habits and subconscious nature that form due to genetic information. For example, impulsive spending is a habit that you may inherit from your parents. From determining the physical characteristics to the chances of developing various diseases, genes are responsible.

What is DNA?

DNA is present inside the center of a cell which is the nucleus. This is where it forms protein-carrying chromosomes that bind with the DNA known as “histones.” To begin with, DNA contains two strands that twist and form a spiral ladder structure which we refer to as a double helix. Here are the four building blocks of DNA (nucleotides):

• Thymine (T)
• Cytosine (C)
• Guanine (G)
• Adenine (A)

These building blocks permanently attach (G to C and A to T) to form base pairs inside the DNA. These base pairs connect and hold both the strands of the DNA. Following that, genes become the small pieces of DNA that carry essential and highly specific genetic information.

Function

DNA contains cell development and growth information based on which it instructs the cells of living organisms to reproduce, develop, and function. This information stays in the base pair sequences inside the DNA. Typically, your cells read the codes on the DNA to learn the information that instructs the production of proteins that are critical for physical survival and growth.

Gene is the name given to the entire DNA sequence carrying the essential growth information. Different base pairs in the DNA produce different types of proteins and acids in the living cells. Combinations like T-G-A, T-A-A, T-A-G, and some other proteins may signify a protein sequence’s end. Hence, the DNA also contains information to stop the production of protein.

What Are the Main Types of Genetic Testing?

Here are the main types of genetic testing that consider the precise information and characteristics they form in living organisms.

Prenatal Testing

This DNA testing method ensures the health of a fetus and detects if it has a medical disorder like Down syndrome. Such test results help in guiding the vital decisions of handling the pregnancy. Learning about the medical condition of the fetus helps to maintain the health of the mother and the unborn child.

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Carrier Testing

Carrier testing hints towards learning the chances and likeliness of passing down a family disease or disorder to your children. You may previously have a family disease history which can lead to disturbance in your child’s life.

Presymptomatic Testing

It measures the likeliness and chances of you carrying a genetically mutated cell or genetic change that may raise your chances of developing a certain kind of disease. Since this is predictive testing, it helps in managing health and disease prevention.

Genetic Testing

It is merely a DNA testing method to confirm a genetic condition that results in developing a disease of which you might be experiencing symptoms already.

Forensic Testing

It occurs for legal reasons such as identifying a dead body, crime-solving, establishing paternity, and so on.

DNA & Genetics: Conclusion

If you are looking for the best place to get DNA or genetic testing, you are at the right place. At AB DNA Testing Services, our team of experts caters to your DNA testing needs and requirements. We provide effective testing techniques and methods, whether testing for immigration, paternity, maternity, or any other legal reason.

Give us a call today at 718-701-0292 to schedule an appointment. Pay us a personal visit at 63-11 Queens Blvd. Woodside, NY 11377 for further inquiries.

 

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Reference Links:

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/basics/gene/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9944/
https://le.ac.uk/vgec/topics/dna/dna-schools-and-colleges
https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Deoxyribonucleic-Acid