Before proceeding to how DNA testing works, it is better to learn what DNA is. Our DNA carries our complete genetic code. It determines attributes of a person such his eye color and other aspects of his personality. It is noteworthy here that every cell of our body from the heart to the skin or from the blood to the bone, is made up with a complete set of DNA. So, if you want a DNA test performed to determine whether or not you can be afflicted with a hereditary disease, it is recommended to visit only a trustworthy DNA testing center in New York.

Purpose of DNA testing

There are several purposes of a DNA test. It provides evidence about what makes two people unique. People share 99.9% identical DNA and 0.1% of DNA code sequences that are different in everyone makes us unique. These sequences are named as genetic markers. These markers are the part of the code that helps forensic scientists during DNA testing.

Identical twins are the only two people who share identical genetic markers. There are slight chances that if two people are related closely they might share the similar genetic markers. The sole purpose of DNA testing is to analyze billions of letters of the genetic code to discover genetic markers to identify similarities and differences between people.

Function of DNA test

DNA testing like forensic, genetic and parental testing is performed to identify if there are any similarities present in the genetic markers of the two biological samples. Since the cells in our body contain the exact same DNA, you can take samples from any part of the body, for instance, blood, saliva, skin and hair follicles.
A forensic scientist can compare DNA from the skin cells present underneath fingernail of a victim with the DNA taken from the blood sample of the possible suspect.

Millions of copies are made using a procedure called “polymerase chain reaction” or PCR. A natural enzyme that precedes PCR, copies a particular DNA stretch multiple times. This practice analyzes our genetic code. The particles of DNA break at specific points that separate them into “chunks” and the code present on those specific points are later studied to form a DNA fingerprint. A comparison is made to identify whether these different samples match or not.

Accuracy and reliability

DNA tests are the only evidence to prove a suspect or to free a falsely convicted person. It also helps in determining paternity whether it is for peace of mind or for a legal matter. A DNA test can help determine whether two biological samples match or not. But this match can’t assure you that two samples belong to the same person. A slight risk about similar genetic markers of two different people is always associated with it specifically if they are relatives. And to minimize this error, scientists test more genetic markers and don’t rely on just one. More identical markers ensure the accuracy of the test.

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