Do you ever wonder how scientists manage to make use of such a small molecule like DNA to find out about your ancestry, lineage, biological identification, and paternity? It all started with the discovery of DNA in the 50s. After the discovery of DNA, its further exploration lead to the beginning of the DNA test.

DNA testing has helped solve a lot of problems for the world that had no solution in the past. But when you look at how amazing the structure of DNA is and understand its function, DNA testing will appear as a simple and ordinary process.

DNA Stores all the Genetic Info

DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid, a biomolecule that stores all the genetic information of an organism be it plant, animal or bacteria. It is a hereditary material which passes on to generation to generation. This is why a DNA test can find out your ancestry and blood relations. DNA contains genes that are a basic unit of hereditary.  Your genes contain all the genetic material that includes your physical traits and other characteristics. Instruction for growth, development, functioning, and reproduction, everything is present in your DNA, in the form of codes in your genes.

Structure of DNA

To understand how DNA functions, it is important to dig into its structure. DNA is a molecule that has two double strands winding around each other to form a helix shape. The two-strands are not just winding around each other, but special supercoiling takes place between the strands, making the structure firm yet flexible.

The simpler unit of a DNA is a nucleotide. A nucleotide consists of three things: a nitrogen-containing nucleobase, a deoxyribose sugar molecule, and a phosphate group. There are four types of nitrogen bases: A, T, G, and C. Each nucleotide contains one type of nitrogen base. The nucleotides in the DNA strands join to one another through the covalent bonds. The bond is present between the sugar and a phosphate group of two adjacent nucleotides. This creates a sugar-phosphate backbone when you look at the entire structure of DNA.

The bonding between two strands is necessary to create a double-stranded helix structure. The pairing of nitrogen bases follows a simple and strict rule: A-T and G-C. The DNA strands have a sequence of complementary base pairs.

Main Functions of DNA

Replication

Both the strands of DNA store the same genetic information. For your body to work according to the genetic information, and the information to pass on to the next generation, DNA replication is necessary. The new base pair sequence adds to each strand after the two strands of DNA separate. This gives out two newly replicated DNA molecules.

Encoding information

We have talked about genes and base pairs. What you need to know is that the bases A, T, G and C organize into genes. Nitrogen base labels are the language in which we read the genes. The base in genes codes for which amino acids and proteins, which are the structural and functional unit of a cell. The process for coding and formation of protein is transcription.

Gene Expression

Each cell in our body carries the same DNA. Yet the cells and tissues of each organ behave differently. This is because of the gene expression of DNA. DNA acts like traffic police allowing certain genes to become active and produce proteins that important for that particular cell.

To get the best experience and accurate results of DNA testing, contact us at 718-701-0292. AB DNA Testing offers the best DNA testing services with prices less than DNA home testing kits. We collect buccal samples for the DNA test to give you a pain-free experience. AB DNA Testing is court-admissible because of our reliable testing procedures.

AB DNA Testing
63-11 Queens Boulevard
Woodside NY 11377
Phone: 718-701-0292
Fax: 718-458-9700
Email: aabbdnatesting@yahoo.com